This is an unofficial English translation prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. In case of any discrepancy, the official Chinese text published by the competent authority shall prevail.
本文为非官方英文翻译，仅供一般信息参考，不构成法律意见。如与主管机关发布的中文正式文本不一致，以中文正式文本为准。
Full-text Table of Contents
This page provides stable article anchors for public reference. The three core laws remain free public content. English text is an unofficial site reference translation; official Chinese text prevails.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
Chinese Original
第一条 为了规范数据处理活动，保障数据安全，促进数据开发利用，保护个人、组织的合法权益，维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，制定本法。
English Translation
This Law is enacted in order to regulate data processing activities, safeguard data security, promote data development and utilization, protect the lawful rights and interests of individuals and organizations, and safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 2
Chinese Original
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内开展数据处理活动及其安全监管，适用本法。 在中华人民共和国境外开展数据处理活动，损害中华人民共和国国家安全、公共利益或者公民、组织合法权益的，依法追究法律责任。
English Translation
This Law applies to data processing activities carried out within the territory of the People's Republic of China and to their security supervision and administration. Where data processing activities carried out outside the territory of the People's Republic of China harm the national security or public interests of the People's Republic of China, or the lawful rights and interests of citizens or organizations, legal liability shall be pursued in accordance with law.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 3
Chinese Original
第三条 本法所称数据，是指任何以电子或者其他方式对信息的记录。 数据处理，包括数据的收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开等。 数据安全，是指通过采取必要措施，确保数据处于有效保护和合法利用的状态，以及具备保障持续安全状态的能力。
English Translation
For purposes of this Law, data means any record of information by electronic or other means. Data processing includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of data. Data security means ensuring, through necessary measures, that data is in a state of effective protection and lawful use, and that the capability exists to ensure its continuous security.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 4
Chinese Original
第四条 维护数据安全，应当坚持总体国家安全观，建立健全数据安全治理体系，提高数据安全保障能力。
English Translation
Safeguarding data security shall adhere to the overall national security outlook, establish and improve the data security governance system, and enhance data security protection capabilities.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 5
Chinese Original
第五条 中央国家安全领导机构负责国家数据安全工作的决策和议事协调，研究制定、指导实施国家数据安全战略和有关重大方针政策，统筹协调国家数据安全的重大事项和重要工作，建立国家数据安全工作协调机制。
English Translation
The central national security leadership institution is responsible for decision-making, deliberation, and coordination for national data security work; it studies, formulates, guides, and implements the national data security strategy and relevant major principles and policies; coordinates major matters and important work concerning national data security; and establishes a national data security work coordination mechanism.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 6
Chinese Original
第六条 各地区、各部门对本地区、本部门工作中收集和产生的数据及数据安全负责。 工业、电信、交通、金融、自然资源、卫生健康、教育、科技等主管部门承担本行业、本领域数据安全监管职责。 公安机关、国家安全机关等依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，在各自职责范围内承担数据安全监管职责。 国家网信部门依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，负责统筹协调网络数据安全和相关监管工作。
English Translation
All regions and departments are responsible for the data collected and generated in their respective regions and departments and for the security of such data. Competent departments for industry, telecommunications, transportation, finance, natural resources, health, education, science and technology, and other sectors bear data security supervision and administration responsibilities for their respective industries and fields. Public security organs, national security organs, and other bodies bear data security supervision and administration responsibilities within their respective duties in accordance with this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations. The national cyberspace department is responsible, in accordance with this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations, for coordinating network data security and related supervision and administration work.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 7
Chinese Original
第七条 国家保护个人、组织与数据有关的权益，鼓励数据依法合理有效利用，保障数据依法有序自由流动，促进以数据为关键要素的数字经济发展。
English Translation
The State protects the data-related rights and interests of individuals and organizations, encourages the lawful, reasonable, and effective use of data, safeguards the lawful, orderly, and free flow of data, and promotes the development of the digital economy with data as a key factor.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 8
Chinese Original
第八条 开展数据处理活动，应当遵守法律、法规，尊重社会公德和伦理，遵守商业道德和职业道德，诚实守信，履行数据安全保护义务，承担社会责任，不得危害国家安全、公共利益，不得损害个人、组织的合法权益。
English Translation
Data processing activities shall comply with laws and regulations, respect social morality and ethics, observe business ethics and professional ethics, act in good faith, perform data security protection obligations, and bear social responsibility. Such activities shall not endanger national security or public interests, or harm the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 9
Chinese Original
第九条 国家支持开展数据安全知识宣传普及，提高全社会的数据安全保护意识和水平，推动有关部门、行业组织、科研机构、企业、个人等共同参与数据安全保护工作，形成全社会共同维护数据安全和促进发展的良好环境。
English Translation
The State supports publicity and popularization of data security knowledge, raises the awareness and level of data security protection throughout society, promotes the joint participation of relevant departments, industry organizations, scientific research institutions, enterprises, individuals, and others in data security protection work, and forms a favorable environment in which all society jointly safeguards data security and promotes development.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 10
Chinese Original
第十条 相关行业组织按照章程，依法制定数据安全行为规范和团体标准，加强行业自律，指导会员加强数据安全保护，提高数据安全保护水平，促进行业健康发展。
English Translation
Relevant industry organizations shall, in accordance with their charters, formulate data security conduct norms and group standards in accordance with law, strengthen industry self-discipline, guide members to strengthen data security protection, improve the level of data security protection, and promote healthy industry development.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 11
Chinese Original
第十一条 国家积极开展数据安全治理、数据开发利用等领域的国际交流与合作，参与数据安全相关国际规则和标准的制定，促进数据跨境安全、自由流动。
English Translation
The State actively carries out international exchange and cooperation in data security governance, data development and utilization, and related fields; participates in the formulation of international rules and standards related to data security; and promotes the secure and free cross-border flow of data.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 12
Chinese Original
第十二条 任何个人、组织都有权对违反本法规定的行为向有关主管部门投诉、举报。收到投诉、举报的部门应当及时依法处理。 有关主管部门应当对投诉、举报人的相关信息予以保密，保护投诉、举报人的合法权益。
English Translation
Any individual or organization has the right to complain or report to the relevant competent departments regarding conduct that violates this Law. Departments that receive complaints or reports shall handle them promptly in accordance with law. Relevant competent departments shall keep confidential the relevant information of complainants and reporters and protect their lawful rights and interests.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 13
Chinese Original
第十三条 国家统筹发展和安全，坚持以数据开发利用和产业发展促进数据安全，以数据安全保障数据开发利用和产业发展。
English Translation
The State coordinates development and security, and adheres to promoting data security through data development, utilization, and industrial development, and safeguarding data development, utilization, and industrial development through data security.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 14
Chinese Original
第十四条 国家实施大数据战略，推进数据基础设施建设，鼓励和支持数据在各行业、各领域的创新应用。 省级以上人民政府应当将数字经济发展纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划，并根据需要制定数字经济发展规划。
English Translation
The State implements a big data strategy, promotes the construction of data infrastructure, and encourages and supports innovative applications of data in all industries and fields. People's governments at or above the provincial level shall include digital economy development in their national economic and social development plans and, as needed, formulate digital economy development plans.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 15
Chinese Original
第十五条 国家支持开发利用数据提升公共服务的智能化水平。提供智能化公共服务，应当充分考虑老年人、残疾人的需求，避免对老年人、残疾人的日常生活造成障碍。
English Translation
The State supports the development and use of data to improve the intelligent level of public services. When intelligent public services are provided, the needs of elderly persons and persons with disabilities shall be fully considered, and obstacles to their daily lives shall be avoided.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 16
Chinese Original
第十六条 国家支持数据开发利用和数据安全技术研究，鼓励数据开发利用和数据安全等领域的技术推广和商业创新，培育、发展数据开发利用和数据安全产品、产业体系。
English Translation
The State supports research on data development and utilization technologies and data security technologies, encourages technology promotion and commercial innovation in data development and utilization, data security, and related fields, and cultivates and develops products and industrial systems for data development and utilization and data security.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 17
Chinese Original
第十七条 国家推进数据开发利用技术和数据安全标准体系建设。国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院有关部门根据各自的职责，组织制定并适时修订有关数据开发利用技术、产品和数据安全相关标准。国家支持企业、社会团体和教育、科研机构等参与标准制定。
English Translation
The State advances the construction of standards systems for data development and utilization technologies and data security. The standardization administrative department under the State Council and relevant departments under the State Council shall, according to their respective duties, organize the formulation and timely revision of relevant standards for data development and utilization technologies, products, and data security. The State supports enterprises, social organizations, educational institutions, scientific research institutions, and others in participating in standards formulation.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 18
Chinese Original
第十八条 国家促进数据安全检测评估、认证等服务的发展，支持数据安全检测评估、认证等专业机构依法开展服务活动。 国家支持有关部门、行业组织、企业、教育和科研机构、有关专业机构等在数据安全风险评估、防范、处置等方面开展协作。
English Translation
The State promotes the development of services such as data security testing, evaluation, and certification, and supports professional institutions for data security testing, evaluation, and certification in carrying out service activities in accordance with law. The State supports relevant departments, industry organizations, enterprises, educational and scientific research institutions, relevant professional institutions, and others in carrying out cooperation in data security risk assessment, prevention, response, and related work.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 19
Chinese Original
第十九条 国家建立健全数据交易管理制度，规范数据交易行为，培育数据交易市场。
English Translation
The State establishes and improves data transaction management systems, regulates data transaction activities, and cultivates data transaction markets.
Chapter II Data Security and Development
Article 20
Chinese Original
第二十条 国家支持教育、科研机构和企业等开展数据开发利用技术和数据安全相关教育和培训，采取多种方式培养数据开发利用技术和数据安全专业人才，促进人才交流。
English Translation
The State supports educational and scientific research institutions, enterprises, and others in carrying out education and training related to data development and utilization technologies and data security, uses multiple methods to cultivate professionals in data development and utilization technologies and data security, and promotes personnel exchange.
Chapter III Data Security Systems
Article 21
Chinese Original
第二十一条 国家建立数据分类分级保护制度，根据数据在经济社会发展中的重要程度，以及一旦遭到篡改、破坏、泄露或者非法获取、非法利用，对国家安全、公共利益或者个人、组织合法权益造成的危害程度，对数据实行分类分级保护。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门制定重要数据目录，加强对重要数据的保护。 关系国家安全、国民经济命脉、重要民生、重大公共利益等数据属于国家核心数据，实行更加严格的管理制度。 各地区、各部门应当按照数据分类分级保护制度，确定本地区、本部门以及相关行业、领域的重要数据具体目录，对列入目录的数据进行重点保护。
English Translation
The State establishes a data classification and hierarchical protection system. Data shall be classified and protected according to its importance in economic and social development, and according to the degree of harm to national security, public interests, or the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations if the data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked, illegally obtained, or illegally used. The national data security work coordination mechanism coordinates relevant departments in formulating important data catalogues and strengthening the protection of important data. Data that relates to national security, the lifelines of the national economy, important people's livelihood, major public interests, and similar matters belongs to national core data and is subject to a stricter management system. All regions and departments shall, in accordance with the data classification and hierarchical protection system, determine specific important data catalogues for their respective regions, departments, industries, and fields, and give key protection to data included in such catalogues.
Chapter III Data Security Systems
Article 22
Chinese Original
第二十二条 国家建立集中统一、高效权威的数据安全风险评估、报告、信息共享、监测预警机制。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门加强数据安全风险信息的获取、分析、研判、预警工作。
English Translation
The State establishes a centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative mechanism for data security risk assessment, reporting, information sharing, monitoring, and early warning. The national data security work coordination mechanism coordinates relevant departments in strengthening the acquisition, analysis, evaluation, and early warning of data security risk information.
Chapter III Data Security Systems
Article 23
Chinese Original
第二十三条 国家建立数据安全应急处置机制。发生数据安全事件，有关主管部门应当依法启动应急预案，采取相应的应急处置措施，防止危害扩大，消除安全隐患，并及时向社会发布与公众有关的警示信息。
English Translation
The State establishes a data security emergency response mechanism. When a data security incident occurs, relevant competent departments shall activate emergency plans in accordance with law, take corresponding emergency response measures, prevent harm from expanding, eliminate security hazards, and promptly release warning information related to the public.
Chapter III Data Security Systems
Article 24
Chinese Original
第二十四条 国家建立数据安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的数据处理活动进行国家安全审查。 依法作出的安全审查决定为最终决定。
English Translation
The State establishes a data security review system to conduct national security review of data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. Security review decisions made in accordance with law are final decisions.
Chapter III Data Security Systems
Article 25
Chinese Original
第二十五条 国家对与维护国家安全和利益、履行国际义务相关的属于管制物项的数据依法实施出口管制。
English Translation
The State implements export controls in accordance with law over data that belongs to controlled items and is related to safeguarding national security and interests and performing international obligations.
Chapter III Data Security Systems
Article 26
Chinese Original
第二十六条 任何国家或者地区在与数据和数据开发利用技术等有关的投资、贸易等方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者地区对等采取措施。
English Translation
Where any country or region adopts discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions, or other similar measures against the People's Republic of China in investment, trade, or other areas related to data or data development and utilization technologies, the People's Republic of China may, according to the actual circumstances, take reciprocal measures against that country or region.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 27
Chinese Original
第二十七条 开展数据处理活动应当依照法律、法规的规定，建立健全全流程数据安全管理制度，组织开展数据安全教育培训，采取相应的技术措施和其他必要措施，保障数据安全。利用互联网等信息网络开展数据处理活动，应当在网络安全等级保护制度的基础上，履行上述数据安全保护义务。 重要数据的处理者应当明确数据安全负责人和管理机构，落实数据安全保护责任。
English Translation
Those carrying out data processing activities shall, in accordance with laws and regulations, establish and improve full-process data security management systems, organize data security education and training, and take corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures to safeguard data security. Where data processing activities are carried out through the Internet or other information networks, the above data security protection obligations shall be performed on the basis of the cybersecurity classified protection system. Processors of important data shall designate data security responsible persons and management bodies and implement data security protection responsibility.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 28
Chinese Original
第二十八条 开展数据处理活动以及研究开发数据新技术，应当有利于促进经济社会发展，增进人民福祉，符合社会公德和伦理。
English Translation
Carrying out data processing activities and researching and developing new data technologies shall be conducive to promoting economic and social development, enhancing the people's well-being, and conforming to social morality and ethics.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 29
Chinese Original
第二十九条 开展数据处理活动应当加强风险监测，发现数据安全缺陷、漏洞等风险时，应当立即采取补救措施；发生数据安全事件时，应当立即采取处置措施，按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。
English Translation
Those carrying out data processing activities shall strengthen risk monitoring. When risks such as data security defects or vulnerabilities are discovered, remedial measures shall be taken immediately. When a data security incident occurs, response measures shall be taken immediately, users shall be notified promptly in accordance with regulations, and reports shall be made to relevant competent departments.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 30
Chinese Original
第三十条 重要数据的处理者应当按照规定对其数据处理活动定期开展风险评估，并向有关主管部门报送风险评估报告。 风险评估报告应当包括处理的重要数据的种类、数量，开展数据处理活动的情况，面临的数据安全风险及其应对措施等。
English Translation
Processors of important data shall, in accordance with regulations, conduct regular risk assessments of their data processing activities and submit risk assessment reports to relevant competent departments. A risk assessment report shall include the types and quantities of important data processed, the circumstances of data processing activities carried out, the data security risks faced, and response measures, among other matters.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 31
Chinese Original
第三十一条 关键信息基础设施的运营者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理，适用《中华人民共和国网络安全法》的规定；其他数据处理者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理办法，由国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门制定。
English Translation
The outbound security management of important data collected and generated by operators of critical information infrastructure in their operations within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be governed by the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China. Measures for outbound security management of important data collected and generated by other data processors in their operations within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be formulated by the national cyberspace department together with relevant departments under the State Council.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 32
Chinese Original
第三十二条 任何组织、个人收集数据，应当采取合法、正当的方式，不得窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据。 法律、行政法规对收集、使用数据的目的、范围有规定的，应当在法律、行政法规规定的目的和范围内收集、使用数据。
English Translation
Any organization or individual collecting data shall use lawful and proper methods, and shall not steal data or obtain data by other illegal means. Where laws or administrative regulations provide for the purposes and scope of data collection or use, data shall be collected and used within the purposes and scope provided by those laws or administrative regulations.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 33
Chinese Original
第三十三条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构提供服务，应当要求数据提供方说明数据来源，审核交易双方的身份，并留存审核、交易记录。
English Translation
Institutions engaged in data transaction intermediary services shall, when providing services, require data providers to explain the sources of data, verify the identities of both parties to the transaction, and retain verification and transaction records.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 34
Chinese Original
第三十四条 法律、行政法规规定提供数据处理相关服务应当取得行政许可的，服务提供者应当依法取得许可。
English Translation
Where laws or administrative regulations require an administrative license for providing services related to data processing, service providers shall obtain the license in accordance with law.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 35
Chinese Original
第三十五条 公安机关、国家安全机关因依法维护国家安全或者侦查犯罪的需要调取数据，应当按照国家有关规定，经过严格的批准手续，依法进行，有关组织、个人应当予以配合。
English Translation
Where public security organs or national security organs need to access data for the purpose of lawfully safeguarding national security or investigating crimes, they shall do so in accordance with relevant State provisions, after strict approval procedures, and in accordance with law. Relevant organizations and individuals shall cooperate.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 36
Chinese Original
第三十六条 中华人民共和国主管机关根据有关法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，或者按照平等互惠原则，处理外国司法或者执法机构关于提供数据的请求。非经中华人民共和国主管机关批准，境内的组织、个人不得向外国司法或者执法机构提供存储于中华人民共和国境内的数据。
English Translation
The competent authorities of the People's Republic of China handle requests by foreign judicial or law enforcement bodies for the provision of data in accordance with relevant laws, international treaties or agreements concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China, or the principle of equality and reciprocity. Without the approval of the competent authorities of the People's Republic of China, domestic organizations and individuals shall not provide data stored within the territory of the People's Republic of China to foreign judicial or law enforcement bodies.
Chapter V Government Affairs Data Security and Opening
Article 37
Chinese Original
第三十七条 国家大力推进电子政务建设，提高政务数据的科学性、准确性、时效性，提升运用数据服务经济社会发展的能力。
English Translation
The State vigorously advances the construction of e-government, improves the scientific nature, accuracy, and timeliness of government affairs data, and enhances the ability to use data to serve economic and social development.
Chapter V Government Affairs Data Security and Opening
Article 38
Chinese Original
第三十八条 国家机关为履行法定职责的需要收集、使用数据，应当在其履行法定职责的范围内依照法律、行政法规规定的条件和程序进行；对在履行职责中知悉的个人隐私、个人信息、商业秘密、保密商务信息等数据应当依法予以保密，不得泄露或者非法向他人提供。
English Translation
Where State organs collect and use data as necessary for performing statutory duties, they shall do so within the scope of their statutory duties and in accordance with the conditions and procedures provided by laws and administrative regulations. Personal privacy, personal information, trade secrets, confidential business information, and other data learned in the course of performing duties shall be kept confidential in accordance with law, and shall not be leaked or illegally provided to others.
Chapter V Government Affairs Data Security and Opening
Article 39
Chinese Original
第三十九条 国家机关应当依照法律、行政法规的规定，建立健全数据安全管理制度，落实数据安全保护责任，保障政务数据安全。
English Translation
State organs shall, in accordance with laws and administrative regulations, establish and improve data security management systems, implement data security protection responsibilities, and safeguard the security of government affairs data.
Chapter V Government Affairs Data Security and Opening
Article 40
Chinese Original
第四十条 国家机关委托他人建设、维护电子政务系统，存储、加工政务数据，应当经过严格的批准程序，并应当监督受托方履行相应的数据安全保护义务。受托方应当依照法律、法规的规定和合同约定履行数据安全保护义务，不得擅自留存、使用、泄露或者向他人提供政务数据。
English Translation
Where State organs entrust others to build or maintain e-government systems, or to store or process government affairs data, they shall go through strict approval procedures and shall supervise the entrusted parties in performing corresponding data security protection obligations. Entrusted parties shall perform data security protection obligations in accordance with laws, regulations, and contractual agreements, and shall not retain, use, leak, or provide government affairs data to others without authorization.
Chapter V Government Affairs Data Security and Opening
Article 41
Chinese Original
第四十一条 国家机关应当遵循公正、公平、便民的原则，按照规定及时、准确地公开政务数据。依法不予公开的除外。
English Translation
State organs shall follow the principles of impartiality, fairness, and convenience for the people, and shall promptly and accurately disclose government affairs data in accordance with regulations, except where disclosure is not permitted in accordance with law.
Chapter V Government Affairs Data Security and Opening
Article 42
Chinese Original
第四十二条 国家制定政务数据开放目录，构建统一规范、互联互通、安全可控的政务数据开放平台，推动政务数据开放利用。
English Translation
The State formulates catalogues for the opening of government affairs data, builds unified, standardized, interconnected, secure, and controllable platforms for opening government affairs data, and promotes the opening and use of government affairs data.
Chapter V Government Affairs Data Security and Opening
Article 43
Chinese Original
第四十三条 法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织为履行法定职责开展数据处理活动，适用本章规定。
English Translation
Organizations authorized by laws or regulations to manage public affairs shall be governed by this Chapter when carrying out data processing activities for the performance of statutory duties.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 44
Chinese Original
第四十四条 有关主管部门在履行数据安全监管职责中，发现数据处理活动存在较大安全风险的，可以按照规定的权限和程序对有关组织、个人进行约谈，并要求有关组织、个人采取措施进行整改，消除隐患。
English Translation
Where relevant competent departments, in performing data security supervision and administration duties, discover relatively large security risks in data processing activities, they may, in accordance with prescribed authority and procedures, conduct regulatory interviews with relevant organizations or individuals, and require them to take measures to make corrections and eliminate hidden dangers.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 45
Chinese Original
第四十五条 开展数据处理活动的组织、个人不履行本法第二十七条、第二十九条、第三十条规定的数据安全保护义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；拒不改正或者造成大量数据泄露等严重后果的，处五十万元以上二百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上二十万元以下罚款。 违反国家核心数据管理制度，危害国家主权、安全和发展利益的，由有关主管部门处二百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并根据情况责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
English Translation
Where an organization or individual carrying out data processing activities fails to perform the data security protection obligations provided in Articles 27, 29, and 30 of this Law, the relevant competent department shall order correction, give a warning, and may impose a fine of not less than RMB 50,000 and not more than RMB 500,000; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel may be fined not less than RMB 10,000 and not more than RMB 100,000. Where correction is refused or serious consequences such as a large amount of data leakage are caused, a fine of not less than RMB 500,000 and not more than RMB 2,000,000 shall be imposed, and the relevant business may be ordered to suspend, the business may be suspended for rectification, the relevant business permit may be revoked, or the business license may be revoked; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than RMB 50,000 and not more than RMB 200,000. Where the management system for national core data is violated and national sovereignty, security, or development interests are endangered, the relevant competent department shall impose a fine of not less than RMB 2,000,000 and not more than RMB 10,000,000, and may, according to the circumstances, order suspension of relevant business, suspension of business for rectification, revocation of the relevant business permit, or revocation of the business license. Where a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with law.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 46
Chinese Original
第四十六条 违反本法第三十一条规定，向境外提供重要数据的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；情节严重的，处一百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款。
English Translation
Where Article 31 of this Law is violated by providing important data abroad, the relevant competent department shall order correction, give a warning, and may impose a fine of not less than RMB 100,000 and not more than RMB 1,000,000; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel may be fined not less than RMB 10,000 and not more than RMB 100,000. Where the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than RMB 1,000,000 and not more than RMB 10,000,000 shall be imposed, and the relevant business may be ordered to suspend, the business may be suspended for rectification, the relevant business permit may be revoked, or the business license may be revoked; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than RMB 100,000 and not more than RMB 1,000,000.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 47
Chinese Original
第四十七条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构未履行本法第三十三条规定的义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款，没有违法所得或者违法所得不足十万元的，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。
English Translation
Where an institution engaged in data transaction intermediary services fails to perform the obligations provided in Article 33 of this Law, the relevant competent department shall order correction, confiscate unlawful gains, and impose a fine of not less than one time and not more than ten times the unlawful gains. If there are no unlawful gains or the unlawful gains are less than RMB 100,000, a fine of not less than RMB 100,000 and not more than RMB 1,000,000 shall be imposed, and the relevant business may be ordered to suspend, the business may be suspended for rectification, the relevant business permit may be revoked, or the business license may be revoked; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than RMB 10,000 and not more than RMB 100,000.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 48
Chinese Original
第四十八条 违反本法第三十五条规定，拒不配合数据调取的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。 违反本法第三十六条规定，未经主管机关批准向外国司法或者执法机构提供数据的，由有关主管部门给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；造成严重后果的，处一百万元以上五百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款。
English Translation
Where Article 35 of this Law is violated by refusing to cooperate with data access, the relevant competent department shall order correction, give a warning, and impose a fine of not less than RMB 50,000 and not more than RMB 500,000; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than RMB 10,000 and not more than RMB 100,000. Where Article 36 of this Law is violated by providing data to foreign judicial or law enforcement bodies without the approval of the competent authority, the relevant competent department shall give a warning and may impose a fine of not less than RMB 100,000 and not more than RMB 1,000,000; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel may be fined not less than RMB 10,000 and not more than RMB 100,000. Where serious consequences are caused, a fine of not less than RMB 1,000,000 and not more than RMB 5,000,000 shall be imposed, and the relevant business may be ordered to suspend, the business may be suspended for rectification, the relevant business permit may be revoked, or the business license may be revoked; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than RMB 50,000 and not more than RMB 500,000.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 49
Chinese Original
第四十九条 国家机关不履行本法规定的数据安全保护义务的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
English Translation
Where a State organ fails to perform the data security protection obligations provided in this Law, sanctions shall be imposed in accordance with law on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 50
Chinese Original
第五十条 履行数据安全监管职责的国家工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的，依法给予处分。
English Translation
Where State personnel performing data security supervision and administration duties neglect their duties, abuse their powers, or engage in favoritism or malpractice, sanctions shall be imposed in accordance with law.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 51
Chinese Original
第五十一条 窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据，开展数据处理活动排除、限制竞争，或者损害个人、组织合法权益的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚。
English Translation
Where data is stolen or otherwise illegally obtained, data processing activities exclude or restrict competition, or the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations are harmed, punishment shall be imposed in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 52
Chinese Original
第五十二条 违反本法规定，给他人造成损害的，依法承担民事责任。 违反本法规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
English Translation
Where a violation of this Law causes harm to others, civil liability shall be borne in accordance with law. Where a violation of this Law constitutes a violation of public security administration, public security administration punishment shall be imposed in accordance with law. Where a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with law.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 53
Chinese Original
第五十三条 开展涉及国家秘密的数据处理活动，适用《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》等法律、行政法规的规定。 在统计、档案工作中开展数据处理活动，开展涉及个人信息的数据处理活动，还应当遵守有关法律、行政法规的规定。
English Translation
Data processing activities involving State secrets shall be governed by the Law of the People's Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets and other laws and administrative regulations. Data processing activities carried out in statistics and archives work, and data processing activities involving personal information, shall also comply with relevant laws and administrative regulations.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 54
Chinese Original
第五十四条 军事数据安全保护的办法，由中央军事委员会依据本法另行制定。
English Translation
Measures for the security protection of military data shall be separately formulated by the Central Military Commission in accordance with this Law.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Article 55
Chinese Original
第五十五条 本法自2021年9月1日起施行。
English Translation
This Law comes into force on September 1, 2021.